Python module to interface with Tuya WiFi smart devices

TinyTuya

Python module to interface with Tuya WiFi smart devices

This python module controls and monitors Tuya compatible WiFi Smart Devices (Plugs, Switches, Lights, Window Covers, etc.) using the local area network (LAN). This is a compatible replacement for the pytuya PyPi module.

Tuya devices are designed to communicate with the TuyaCloud but most also expose a local area network API, allowing us to directly control the devices without using the cloud. This python module provides a socket based way to poll status and issue commands to these devices.

NOTE: This module requires the devices to have already been activated by Smart Life App (or similar).

TinyTuya Setup

Install pip and python modules if you haven't already.

# Install PIP
 sudo apt-get install python-crypto python-pip  # for RPi, Linux

 # Install TinyTuya
 python -m pip install tinytuya

The PyPI module will attempt to install pycryptodome if you don't have it. The modules pycrypto, Crypto or pyaes could be used instead.

Tuya Device Preparation

Controlling and monitoring Tuya devices on your network requires the following:

• Address - The network address (IPv4) of the device e.g. 10.0.1.100
• Device ID - The unique identifier for the Tuya device
• Version - The Tuya protocol version used (3.1 or 3.3)
• Local_Key - The security key created to encrypt and decrypt communication. Devices running the latest protocol version 3.3 (e.g. Firmware 1.0.5 or above) will require a device Local_Key to read the status. Both 3.1 and 3.3 devices will require a device Local_Key to control the device.

Network Scanner

TinyTuya has a built in network scanner that can be used to find Tuya Devices on your local network. It will show Address, Device ID and Version for each device.

python -m tinytuya scan

Setup Wizard

TinyTuya has a built in setup Wizard that uses the Tuya IoT Cloud Platform to generate a JSON list (devices.json) of all your registered devices. This includes the secret Local_Key as well as the Name of each device.

Follow the instructions below to get the Local_Key:

1. Download the "Smart Life" App, available for iPhone or Android. Pair all of your Tuya devices (this is important as you cannot access a device that has not been paired).

   • https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/smart-life-smart-living/id1115101477?mt=8
   • https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.tuya.smartlife&hl=en

2. Run the TinyTuya scan to get a list of Tuya devices on your network along with their device Address, Device ID and Version number (3.1 or 3.3):

   python -m tinytuya scan
   

   NOTE: You will need to use one of the displayed Device IDs for step 4.

3. Set up a Tuya Account:

   • Create a Tuya Developer account on iot.tuya.com and log in.
   • Click on "Cloud" icon -> Create a project (remember the Authorization Key: API ID and Secret for below)
   • Click on "Cloud" icon -> select your project -> Project Overview -> Linked Device -> Link devices by App Account (tab)
   • Click 'Add App Account' and it will display a QR code. Scan the QR code with the Smart Life app on your Phone (see step 1 above) by going to the "Me" tab in the Smart Life app and clicking on the QR code button [..] in the upper right hand corner of the app. When you scan the QR code, it will link all of the devices registered in your "Smart Life" app into your Tuya IoT project.
   • IMPORTANT Under "API Management" -> "API Products" and ensure the API groups have status "Subscribed": Smart Home Devices Management, Authorization and Smart Home Family Management (see screenshot here) - Make sure you authorize your Project to use these 3 API groups:
     • Click each of the API boxes
     • Click "Projects" tab
     • Click "New Authorization" button
     • Select your Project from the dropdown and click OK (see screenshot here)

4. Run Setup Wizard:

   • From your Linux/Mac/Win PC run the TinyTuya Setup Wizard to fetch the Local_Keys for all of your registered devices:

     python -m tinytuya wizard   # use -nocolor for non-ANSI-color terminals
     

   • The Wizard will prompt you for the API ID key, API Secret, API Region (us, eu, cn or in) from your Tuya IoT project noted above. It will also ask for a sample Device ID. Use one from step 2 above or found in the Device List on your Tuya IoT project.
   • The Wizard will poll the Tuya IoT Cloud Platform and print a JSON list of all your registered devices with the "name", "id" and "key" of your registered device(s). The "key"s in this list are the Devices' Local_Key you will use to access your device.
   • In addition to displaying the list of devices, Wizard will create a local file devices.json. TinyTuya will use this file to provide additional details to scan results from tinytuya.scanDevices() or when running python -m tinytuya to scan your local network.
   • The Wizard will ask if you want to poll all the devices. If you do, it will display the status of all devices on records and create a snapshot.json file with the results.

Notes:

• If you ever reset or re-pair your smart devices, the Local_Key will be reset and you will need to repeat the steps above.
• The TinyTuya Wizard was inspired by the TuyAPI CLI which is an alternative way to fetch the Local_Keys: npm i @tuyapi/cli -g and run tuya-cli wizard
• For a helpful video walk-through of getting the Local_Keys you can also watch this great Tech With Eddie YouTube tutorial: https://youtu.be/oq0JL_wicKg.

Programming with TinyTuya

After importing tinytuya, you create a device handle for the device you want to read or control. Here is an example for a Tuya smart switch or plug:

    import tinytuya

    d = tinytuya.OutletDevice('DEVICE_ID_HERE', 'IP_ADDRESS_HERE', 'LOCAL_KEY_HERE')
    d.set_version(3.3)
    data = d.status() 
    print('set_status() result %r' % data)

TinyTuya Module Classes and Functions

Global Functions
    devices = scanDevices()            # returns dictionary of devices found on local network
    scan()                             # interactive scan of local network
    wizard()                           # interactive setup wizard

Classes
    OutletDevice(dev_id, address, local_key=None, dev_type='default')
    CoverDevice(dev_id, address, local_key=None, dev_type='default')
    BulbDevice(dev_id, address, local_key=None, dev_type='default')

        dev_id (str): Device ID e.g. 01234567891234567890
        address (str): Device Network IP Address e.g. 10.0.1.99 or 0.0.0.0 to auto-find
        local_key (str, optional): The encryption key. Defaults to None.
        dev_type (str): Device type for payload options (see below)

 Functions:

    json = status()                    # returns json payload
    set_version(version)               # 3.1 [default] or 3.3
    set_socketPersistent(False/True)   # False [default] or True
    set_socketNODELAY(False/True)      # False or True [default]
    set_socketRetryLimit(integer)      # retry count limit [default 5]
    set_socketTimeout(self, s)         # set connection timeout in seconds [default 5]
    set_dpsUsed(dpsUsed)               # set data points (DPs)
    set_retry(retry=True)              # retry if response payload is truncated
    set_status(on, switch=1)           # Set status of the device to 'on' or 'off' (bool)
    set_value(index, value)            # Set int value of any index.
    heartbeat()                        # Send heartbeat to device
    updatedps(index=[1])               # Send updatedps command to device
    turn_on(switch=1)                  # Turn on device / switch #
    turn_off(switch=1)                 # Turn off
    set_timer(num_secs)                # Set timer for num_secs
    set_debug(toggle, color)           # Activate verbose debugging output
    set_sendWait(num_secs)             # Seconds to wait after sending for response
    detect_available_dps()             # Return list of DPS available from device
    generate_payload(command, data)    # Generate TuyaMessage payload for command with data
    send(payload)                      # Send payload to device (do not wait for response)
    receive()                          # Receive payload from device

    OutletDevice:
        set_dimmer(percentage):
        
    CoverDevice:
        open_cover(switch=1):  
        close_cover(switch=1):
        stop_cover(switch=1):

    BulbDevice
        set_colour(r, g, b):
        set_hsv(h, s, v):
        set_white(brightness, colourtemp):
        set_white_percentage(brightness=100, colourtemp=0):
        set_brightness(brightness):
        set_brightness_percentage(brightness=100):
        set_colourtemp(colourtemp):
        set_colourtemp_percentage(colourtemp=100):
        set_scene(scene):             # 1=nature, 3=rave, 4=rainbow
        set_mode(mode='white'):       # white, colour, scene, music
        result = brightness():
        result = colourtemp():
        (r, g, b) = colour_rgb():
        (h,s,v) = colour_hsv():
        result = state():
        set_bulb_type(type):          # type is A, B or C

TinyTuya Error Codes

Starting with v1.2.0 TinyTuya functions will return error details in the JSON data responses instead of raising exceptions. The format for this response:

{ "Error":"Invalid JSON Payload", "Err":"900", "Payload":"{Tuya Message}" }'

The "Err" number will be one of these:

• 900 (ERR_JSON) - Invalid JSON Response from Device
• 901 (ERR_CONNECT) - Network Error: Unable to Connect
• 902 (ERR_TIMEOUT) - Timeout Waiting for Device
• 903 (ERR_RANGE) - Specified Value Out of Range
• 904 (ERR_PAYLOAD) - Unexpected Payload from Device
• 905 (ERR_OFFLINE) - Network Error: Device Unreachable
• 906 (ERR_STATE) - Device in Unknown State
• 907 (ERR_FUNCTION) - Function Not Supported by Device

Example Usage

See the sample python script test.py for an OutletDevice example or look in the examples directory for other scripts.

    import tinytuya

    """
    OUTLET Device
    """
    d = tinytuya.OutletDevice('DEVICE_ID_HERE', 'IP_ADDRESS_HERE', 'LOCAL_KEY_HERE')
    d.set_version(3.3)
    data = d.status()  

    # Show status and state of first controlled switch on device
    print('Dictionary %r' % data)
    print('State (bool, true is ON) %r' % data['dps']['1'])  

    # Toggle switch state
    switch_state = data['dps']['1']
    data = d.set_status(not switch_state)  # This requires a valid key
    if data:
        print('set_status() result %r' % data)

    # On a switch that has 4 controllable ports, turn the fourth OFF (1 is the first)
    data = d.set_status(False, 4)
    if data:
        print('set_status() result %r' % data)
        print('set_status() extra %r' % data[20:-8])

    """
    RGB Bulb Device
    """
    d = tinytuya.BulbDevice('DEVICE_ID_HERE', 'IP_ADDRESS_HERE', 'LOCAL_KEY_HERE')
    d.set_version(3.3)  # IMPORTANT to set this regardless of version
    data = d.status()

    # Show status of first controlled switch on device
    print('Dictionary %r' % data)

    # Set to RED Color - set_colour(r, g, b):
    d.set_colour(255,0,0)  

    # Brightness: Type A devices range = 25-255 and Type B = 10-1000
    d.set_brightness(1000)

    # Set to White - set_white(brightness, colourtemp):
    #    colourtemp: Type A devices range = 0-255 and Type B = 0-1000
    d.set_white(1000,10)

Encryption notes

These devices uses AES encryption which is not available in the Python standard library. There are three options:

1. PyCryptodome (recommended)
2. PyCrypto
3. pyaes (note Python 2.x support requires https://github.com/ricmoo/pyaes/pull/13)

Scan Tool

The function tinytuya.scan() will listen to your local network (UDP 6666 and 6667) and identify Tuya devices broadcasting their Address, Device ID, Product ID and Version and will print that and their stats to stdout. This can help you get a list of compatible devices on your network. The tinytuya.deviceScan() function returns all found devices and their stats (via dictionary result).

You can run the scanner from the command line using this:

python -m tinytuya

By default, the scan functions will retry 15 times to find new devices. If you are not seeing all your devices, you can increase max_retries by passing an optional arguments (eg. 50 retries):

# command line
python -m tinytuya 50

# invoke verbose interactive scan
tinytuya.scan(50)

# return payload of devices
devices = tinytuya.deviceScan(false, 50)

Troubleshooting

• Tuya devices only allow one TCP connection at a time. Make sure you close the TuyaSmart or SmartLife app before using TinyTuya to connect.
• Some devices ship with older firmware that may not work with TinyTuya. If you're experiencing issues, please try updating the device's firmware in the official app.
• The LOCAL KEY for Tuya devices will change every time a device is removed and re-added to the TuyaSmart app. If you're getting decrypt errors, try getting the key again as it might have changed.
• Some devices with 22 character IDs will require additional setting to poll correctly - here is an example:

    a = tinytuya.OutletDevice('here_is_my_key', '192.168.x.x', 'secret_key_here', 'device22')
    a.set_version(3.3)
    a.set_dpsUsed({"1": None})  # This needs to be a datapoint available on the device
    data =  a.status()
    print(data)
  

• Windows 10 Users - TinyTuya wizard and scan interactive tools use ANSI color. This will work correctly in PowerShell but will show cryptic escape codes when run in Windows CMD. You can fix this by using the -nocolor option on tinytuya, or by changing the Windows CMD console registry to process ANSI escape codes by doing something like this:

  reg add HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Console /v VirtualTerminalLevel /t REG_DWORD /d 0x00000001 /f
  

Tuya Data Points - DPS Table

The Tuya devices send back data points (DPS) also called device function points, in a json string. The DPS attributes define the state of the device. Each key in the DPS dictionary refers to key value pair, the key is the DP ID and its value is the dpValue. You can refer to the Tuya developer platform for definition of function points for the products.

The following table represents several of the standard Tuya DPS values and their properties. It represents data compiled from Tuya documentation and self-discovery. Devices may vary. Feedback or additional data would would be appreciated. Please submit a Issue or Pull Request if you have additional data that would be helpful for others.

Version 3.1 Devices

Version 3.1 - Plug or Switch Type

Version 3.1 - Light Type (RGB)

Version 3.3 Devices

Version 3.3 - Plug, Switch, Power Strip Type

Version 3.3 - Dimmer Switch

Version 3.3 - Light Type (RGB)

Version 3.3 - Automated Curtain Type

Version 3.3 - Fan Switch Type

Version 3.3 - Sensor Type

Important Note:
Battery-powered Tuya sensors are usually designed to stay in sleep mode until a state change (eg.open or close alert). This means you will not be able to poll these devices except in the brief moment they awake, connect to the WiFi and send their state update payload the the Tuya Cloud. Keep in mind that if you manage to poll the device enough to keep it awake, you will likely quickly drain the battery.

NOTE (*) - The range can vary depending on the device. As an example, for dimmers, it may be 10-1000 or 25-255.

Tuya References

• Tuya Hardware Development - Protocol: https://developer.tuya.com/en/docs/iot/device-development/embedded-software-development/mcu-development-access/wifi-mcu-sdk-solution/tuya-cloud-universal-serial-port-access-protocol?id=K9hhi0xxtn9cb
• TuyaMCU listing of Tuya DP IDs: https://tasmota.github.io/docs/TuyaMCU/#switches-or-plugspower-strips

GitHub

https://github.com/jasonacox/tinytuya