Dandere2x
Fast Waifu2x Video Upscaling.
Tech Overview
This following section is a brief, white-paper styled explanation of Dandere2x. For a more in-depth explanation, check out this link: https://github.com/aka-katto/dandere2x/wiki/How-Dandere2x-Works. I've simplified this landing page greatly to make the program more understandable for new users.
Abstract (Introduction)
Dandere2x reduces the time needed for Waifu2x to upscale animation (sometimes live-action) videos by applying compression techniques. Just as Netflix uses compression to quickly stream videos to your home, Dandere2x uses compression to expedite the waifu2x upscaling process.
Motivation
Waifu2x (https://github.com/nagadomi/waifu2x) is a powerful tool for upscaling anime-styled images to a higher resolution. It does this using a convolutional neural network, which can bring greater visual fidelity to images by removing the noise produced from resolution upscaling or compression.
Image: An image of lower resolution ( left ) being brought to a higher resolution using waifu2x (right). Source: Wikipedia
While waifu2x may take 2-4 seconds on a modern graphics card to produce a higher resolution image, this becomes problematic when upscaling frames in a video, as one video-second can take multiple minutes to process. Considering the number of visual redundancies found in anime, having an algorithm to identify these redundancies and recycling them would prove to be an effective time-reducing step to help upscale videos to higher resolutions. Dandere2x does this by applying I-frame and p-frame compression to anime-styled videos to reduce the work needed by the GPU.
Image: Different compression types being visualized with PacMan. Source: Wikipedia
Methods
Dandere2x is an upscaling-specific compression algorithm targeted at reducing the GPU time needed to upscale a video. Without going in-depth into the tools used, the following image summarizes the dandere2x process, and how it uses previous frames to create future frames.
By only upscaling the content that can't be produced from a previous frame, Dandere2x can dramatically speed up the upscaling process by only upscaling essential information.
Results
Preformance Differences
The time-reduction dandere2x produces varies based on the user input, as well as the settings used. However, in a benchmark video is shown here, Dandere2x provided a dramatic improvement in time over Video2x (a lossless waifu2x-video upscaler): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1Y4pmQb44k.
| Upscaler | Time |
|---|---|
| Dandere2x | 03:37 |
| Video2x | 18:34 |
Here is are some user-created videos that were produced using older versions of Dandere2x.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfD_D9KVfzE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhqRVW_fU5s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3QBHD47Yr0
Compression Noise
Being a loss-driven compression algorithm, Dandere2x produced noticeable noise on its own (which can be fixed with filters, which will be discussed later). Likewise, as a result of how convolutional pooling works, compressed blocks have a noticeable discoloration at the edges.
Image: A picture of noise produced by raw Dandere2x. Notice the obvious placement of the blocks in the color gradients.
However, Reddit user /u/Naizuri77 found that various compression filters can reduce the noticeability of these visual blemishes.
Image: The same image above, but with a compression-filter applied to reduce the dandere2x compression noise.
Program Overview
Dandere2x as a program is still being improved and maintained. My current goal is to provide a more user-friendly and stable experience for the program.
Current Features
While I consider dandere2x more as a compression algorithm, it stands on its own as a program, with several quality-of-life features.
Image: A picture of the dandere2x GUI (old)
1) Quality Customizable
The quality of a dandere2x video is currently customizable, meaning users can trade speed for overall visual fidelity of an upscale. For more in-depth reading, refer to this link: https://github.com/aka-katto/dandere2x/wiki/Settings-and-Their-Meanings
2) Interactive GUI
While still in the works, Dandere2x currently has a GUI which allows for a user-friendly experience. I plan on re-making this whenever.
3) Suspend / Resume Session Capabilities
Dandere2x can be started, suspended, then resumed in a later session. This feature is still being tested by users, but for the developer, it seems stable.
4) Reduced Disk Usage
Dandere2x has a novel method of minimizing the hard-drive complexity by only referring to files on-disk when needed, and will delete files in real-time to prevent the workspace from being too large. It is possible to allow Dandere2x to upscale a video while keeping the used space under 200mb.
Downloads
Stable Download:
I consider 1.3.1 the most stable build, although a bit older, has the most hours used and encounters the least amount of errors. If you're looking for a more modern dandere2x, consider trying a nightly build-out.
https://github.com/aka-katto/dandere2x/releases/tag/1.3.1
Nightly Download:
Anything beyond 1.3.1 I don't consider stable, although users are still finding bugs in my latest additions. Reporting bugs will help bring a future build to become more stable.
The most recent and stable-ish build is 1.7.1
https://github.com/aka-katto/dandere2x/releases/tag/v1.7.1
Development Status
As for me, I'm a college student and I put time into Dandere2x when it's appropriate. I prioritize school + life, but Dandere2x is worked on when I can. If you wish to actively follow my thoughts and developments, I highly encourage you to check out the subreddit at
www.reddit.com/r/dandere2x
Can I help with Dandere2x?
Dandere2x has been very reliant on the community for its development. Testing nightly releases and reporting bugs and crashes has allowed Dandere2x to become usable over many months.
Feel free to comment on your ideas on what can or should be improved on. I'm more than happy to explain some code to you over telegram if you wish to contribute to the project.
